Composición y estructura comunitaria de diatomeas epilíticas en la cuenca Vitor-Quilca-Chili, Arequipa, Perú

Pastor Coayla; Cecilia Motta; Saúl Blanco

doi:10.14522/darwiniana.2025.131.1224

Autores/as

Pastor Coayla Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Av. Alcides Carrión s/n, Arequipa, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-7154
Cecilia Motta Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Av. Alcides Carrión s/n, Arequipa, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-8901
Saúl Blanco Laboratorio de Diatomología, Universidad de León, La Serna, 58-24007, León, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-2512

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2025.131.1224

Palabras clave:

Bioindicadores, comunidades acuáticas, cuenca Vitor-Quilca-Chili, diatomeas, evaluación de la calidad del agua, índices de diversidad, Perú

Resumen

Las diatomeas han sido estudiadas por ser indicadoras de la calidad del agua de los ríos y su estructura comunitaria puede estar influenciada por diversos factores. En este trabajo estudiamos la comunidad de diatomeas epilíticas y su relación con variables ambientales en la cuenca Vitor-Quilca-Chili al extremo sur de Perú en junio y noviembre del 2022. Se identificaron 101 taxones, los géneros Nitzschia y Navicula presentaron el mayor número de taxones. El índice de Shannon identificó la comunidad de diatomeas más diversa en el río Chili (2,81) en junio y en el río Sumbay (3,22) en noviembre. El índice de Simpson identificó comunidades con moderada dominancia (0, 47) en el río Siguas en noviembre, aunque bastante uniforme según el índice de Pielou. Las variables como la conductividad eléctrica, caudal, pH y materia orgánica probablemente determinaron la estructura de la comunidad. Además, la riqueza de taxones fue mayor en noviembre (51) que en junio. Nuestro estudio también reveló valores superiores a lo registrado en su ambiente natural de deformidades en el contorno de las valvas de las diatomeas Cymbella excisa (12,11 %) y Diatoma tenuis (20, 89 %).

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