Descripcion
Arbustos o árboles de 2-8 m de alt. con pubescencia broncínea. Hojas persistentes, elípticas, acuminadas, subcoriáceas, de margen aserrado o crenado de 4-14 cm. Flores perfectas. Tubo floral pubescente de 2 mm. Dientes del cáliz de 1,5 mm. Pétalos bilobados de 1 mm. Drupa esférica de 4-7 mm de diám., rojiza o púrpuro-oscura, con 3 carozos. [Shrub or small tree (1.5-)2.0-8.0(-20.0) m tall. Pubescence of entire plant tawny or rust-colored with hairs sometimes as long as 1.0 mm. Stems with varying amounts of pubescence or becoming glabrous with age, hairs spreading. Stipules (2.0)3.0-4.0 mm long, tapering from base to apex, pubescent, reddish, quickly deciduous or somewhat persistent. Petioles (0.8-) 1.0-2.0(-2.2) cm long, usually more heavily pubescent than stem. Leaf-blades membranaceous to firmly membranaceous, (2.5-)4.0-14.0 cm long, (1.7-)2.3- 6.0 cm wide, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or ovate elliptic, 1.4- 2.7(-3.1) times longer than wide, base rounded to broadly cuneate; apex with an acumen 0.3-2.0 cm long or less frequently acute; margin plane or revolute, prominently serrate or crenate, (3-)4-6(-9) teeth per cm, mucro present or detached; above glabrous or with scattered hairs, a dull dark or olive green; beneath glabrous or with somewhat fewer hairs than above, usually paler than above and occasionally slightly yellowish; veins above impressed, midrib moderately to densely beset with hairs, secondary veins less densely; veins beneath raised, usually yellowish, usually with somewhat fewer hairs than above, densest on the lateral margin of the midrib; secondary veins (6-)7-10(- 12) pairs. Inflorescence an axillary cyme or dichasium (rarely sessile) with (5-) 7-12(-28) flowers; primary peduncles 0.3-2.1 cm long (in Peru, at least, short peduncles associated with higher elevations), secondary peduncles absent or (0.5-)1.0-6.0(-9.0 mm long, tertiary and quarternary peduncles occasionally also present; pedicels 2.0-5.0 mm long; flowers greenish or yellowish, floral cup (1.5-)2.0 mm long and 2.0(-2.5) mm broad; sepals deltoid, (1.25-)1.5-2.0 mm long, 1.0-1.25 wide, yellowish; all external floral parts usually more pubescent than others parts of the plant, hairs rust-colored (rarely tawny); petals ca 1.0 mm long, yellowish; ovary pubescent or rarely glabrous, stigma minutely trilobate. Fruits up to 9 per axil; primary peduncles up to 2.3 (rarely 6.5) cm long, secondary peduncles up to 7 mm long, occasionally additional compounding; pedicels 3.0-5.0(-8.0) mm long; fruits 5.0-7.0(-8.0) mm in diam, dark purplish or reddish, glabrous in Costa Rica and Panama (rarely elsewhere), glabrous or hairy in Colombia, hairy elsewhere with usually an- trorse-appressed hairs, 3-stoned.]
Distribucion y Habitat
Costa Rica, Panamá, Colombia, Venezuela Perú, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brasil y norte de Argentina (Misiones, Jujuy, Salta y Tucumán). [Distribution (Figs 8, 20). Widely distributed from southern Central America through South America in appropriate habitat to ca 32? S latitude. In forests or on open sunny hillsides in rocky or gravelly soil with humus or in bogs, (600-)800-2700(-2900) m (mostly 1500-1700 m) alt. Flowers collected from April through December and sometimes into February, usually earlier in the northern part and later in the southern part of the range; fruits collected throughout the year.]
Sinónimos
Rhamnus sphaerosperma Sw. var. pubescens
-
Rhamnus polymorpha (Reissek) Weberb. : .
Rhamnus sectipetala Mart. ex Reissek, nom. nud. : .
Frangula polymorpha Reissek var. pubescens Reissek var. pubescens Reissek Fl. Bras. 11(1): 91. 1861
Frangula polymorpha Reissek Fl. Bras. 11(1): 91. 1861
Frangula polymorpha Reissek var. latifolia Chodat var. latifolia Chodat Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2 3: 542. 1903
Ceanothus pubescens Ruiz & Pav. : .
Frangula boliviana (Rusby) Grubov : .
Frangula chrysophylla Reissek : .
Frangula citrifolia (Rusby) Grubov : .
Frangula nervosa Grubov : .
Frangula peruviana Grubov : .
Frangula polymorpha Reissek var. tomentosa Reissek var. tomentosa Reissek : .
Frangula pubescens (Ruiz & Pav.) Grubov : .
Rhamnus boliviana Rusby : .
Rhamnus citrifolia Rusby : .
Rhamnus chrysophylla (Reissek) Weberb. : .
Rhamnus jelskii Szyszyl. : .
Rhamnus polymorpha (Reissek) Weberb. var. glabra (Reissek) Dusén var. glabra (Reissek) Dusén : .
Rhamnus pubescens (Ruiz & Pav.) Triana & Planch. non Poir. : .
Rhamnus pubescens (Ruiz & Pav.) Triana & Planch. non Poir. var. chrysophylla (Reissek) Kuntze var. chrysophylla (Reissek) Kuntze : .
Rhamnus pubescens (Ruiz & Pav.) Triana & Planch. non Poir. var. glabrescens Kuntze var. glabrescens Kuntze : .
Rhamnus pubescens (Ruiz & Pav.) Triana & Planch. non Poir. var. grandifolia Perkins var. grandifolia Perkins : .
Bibliografía
Ejemplares de referencia
Colector | N° Colect. | Especie | Departamento | Provincia | Imagen |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2420 | Caaguazú | |||
|
1891 | - | |||
|
5820 | Alto Paraná | |||
|
1812 | Canindeyú | |||
|
2323 | Blumenau | Santa Catarina | ||
|
1251 | - | |||
|
-1 | 29 | Rio Grande do Sul | ||
|
31039 | Rio Grande do Sul | |||
|
22918 | Caaguazú | |||
|
31417 | Alto Paraná |
Nombre Vulgar y Usos
Tipo y Observaciones
Material Tipo: Basónimo: Frangula polymorpha var. pubescens Reissek
Observaciones: NOMBRE VULGAR.- “Picantillo”
[Local names. Arracacho (Garcia-Barriga 10929), Cangica (Hoehne 10 &
29804), Duraznillo (Rojas 11), yema de huevo (Steyermark 55969), Man-
tequillo (Daniel 5601)].
[Throughout the geographic range there is quite a lot of variability. Cer-
tain geographic patterns can sometimes be discerned, eg
(3) Collections from Paraguay are quite consistent with the "norm" for
this variety.
(6) Collections from the southernmost states of Brazil have less
pubescence and slightly more defined serration of leaf margin than those from
more northern localities.]